OSU Minimum Web Accessibility Standards Video Text Transcript
For more information, visit: http://www.wac.ohio-state.edu/standards

>> MY NAME IS LORI BAILEY.
I WORK AT THE WEB 
ACCESSIBILITY CENTER,
AND IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS 
ABOUT MAKING YOUR SITE
ACCESSIBLE 
AND YOU WANT SOME HELP,
YOU WANT US TO LOOK 
AT SOME PAGES,
YOU WANT US TO REVIEW SOME PAGES 
WITH THE SCREEN READER
OR OTHER ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY 
AND SEE HOW THINGS ARE WORKING,
THAT'S WHAT WE'RE HERE FOR.
SO WE WANT YOU TO USE 
THE WEB ACCESSIBILITY CENTER
AS A SOUNDING BOARD, 
IF NECESSARY, TO SORT OF SAY,
YOU KNOW, "IS THIS 
A GOOD SOLUTION?
WHAT OTHER SOLUTIONS MIGHT 
YOU THINK OF TO COME UP WITH
THAT WE CAN MEET 
THESE STANDARDS?"
SO, LET'S GET STARTED.
I HAVE THIS PRESENTATION 
ON YOUR DISK,
AND IF YOU PUT THAT DISK 
IN THERE,
YOU CAN USE THIS NICE LITTLE 
CLICKABLE MAP
TO GET TO THE STANDARDS 
THAT YOU WANT.
I'M JUST GONNA WALK RIGHT 
THROUGH THEM, ONE THROUGH 19.
YOU'LL NOTICE THAT THE SLIDES 
ARE SET UP SO THAT
THE ACTUAL TEXT OF THE STANDARDS 
IS IN BLACK
RIGHT UNDERNEATH THE TITLE.
THAT'S THE TEXT AS IT APPEARS 
ON THE OFFICIAL WEB PAGE
OF THE ADA COORDINATOR'S OFFICE.
AND THEN, WE'RE JUST GOING 
TO EXPLICATE THAT A LITTLE BIT.
SO, NUMBER ONE IS, 
YOU MUST PROVIDE
A TEXT EQUIVALENT 
FOR EVERY NON-TEXT ELEMENT.
FOR IMAGES, THAT ESSENTIALLY 
MEANS FOR EVERY IMAGE
ON THE PAGE, YOU HAVE 
TO HAVE AN ALT TAG, OKAY?
THAT DOESN'T MEAN 
THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE
A DESCRIPTION FOR EVERY IMAGE 
ON THE PAGE.
IN FACT, I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU 
NOT TO HAVE A DESCRIPTION
FOR EVERY IMAGE ON THE PAGE.
SPACER IMAGES, 
DECORATIVE  IMAGES,
THINGS THAT JUST 
MAKE THE PAGE LOOK PRETTIER,
THAT YOU REALLY LIKE, 
YOU WANT TO PUT
AN EMPTY ALT TAG 
IN THOSE DESCRIPTIONS, OKAY?
SO YOU WANT TO SAY, 
THOUGH THERE STILL SHOULD BE
AN ALT TAG IN THERE, 
BUT YOU JUST DON'T WANT TO HAVE
ANY TEXT IN THAT ALT TAG.
WHAT'LL HAPPEN IS THE 
SCREENREADER WILL JUMP
RIGHT OVER THAT IMAGE, 
WON'T EVEN ANNOUNCE 
THAT IT'S THERE, OKAY?
SO IT'S A NICE WAY 
TO KEEP THINGS FROM BEING
REALLY CLUTTERED WHEN YOU HAVE 
A LOT OF SPACER
AND DECORATIVE IMAGES 
ON YOUR PAGE.
FOR CHARTS, GRAPHS, 
AND MORE DETAILED IMAGES,
YOU'RE PROBABLY 
GONNA WANT TO USE
THE LONG DESCRIPTION ATTRIBUTE, 
THE LONGDESC.
AND THE WAY 
THE LONGDESC IS--
WORKS, IS THAT YOU PUT 
A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION
OF THAT IMAGE 
ON A SEPARATE HTML PAGE,
AND THEN, YOU LINK 
TO THAT HTML PAGE
IN THE ATTRIBUTE LONG 
DESCRIPTION WITHIN THE HTML.
WHEN THE SCREENREADER 
HITS THAT IMAGE, IT WILL SAY,
"DESCRIPTION AVAILABLE, 
PRESS" WHATEVER
TO ACCESS THAT DESCRIPTION, 
"SPACE BAR" OR "ENTER."
IN THE CURRENT STANDARDS 
FROM THE WCAG IN SECTION 508,
IT ALSO RECOMMENDS 
THAT YOU USE THE D-LINK.
THAT WOULD MEAN 
THAT YOU WOULD PUT A LINK
THAT DETECTS THIS D 
RIGHT NEXT TO AN IMAGE
THAT REQUIRES 
A LONG DESCRIPTION,
AND THAT LINK WOULD LEAD 
TO THAT SAME DESCRIPTION PAGE.
THE REASON IS, 
IS THAT SOME SCREENREADERS
AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY, 
ESPECIALLY OLDER ONES,
ABOUT ONE OR TWO VERSIONS BACK, 
DON'T SUPPORT THE LONGDESC
OR DON'T FULLY SUPPORT IT.
SO YOU MAY STILL HAVE SOME 
PEOPLE WHO CAN'T ACCESS
THAT INFORMATION IF YOU ONLY USE 
THE LONGDESC.
BUT IT'S KIND OF UP TO YOU, 
QUITE HONESTLY.
IF YOU HAVE THE LONGDESC, 
YOU'VE MET THE STANDARD.
IF YOU WANT TO GO 
THAT ONE STEP FURTHER
AND ADD THE D-LINK, 
THAT'S GREAT,
BUT YOU CAN ALSO ANTICIPATE 
THAT MOST PEOPLE
WILL BE UPGRADING 
THEIR ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
AND USING A LATER VERSION, OKAY?
FOR MULTIMEDIA,
MULTIMEDIA, VIDEO, 
AUDIO DESCRIPTIONS;
YOU NEED TO PROVIDE A TRANSCRIPT 
FOR THAT MULTIMEDIA.
YOU ALSO NEED TO PROVIDE 
A CAPTION,
AND HERE'S HOW THIS WORKS OUT.
THE TRANSCRIPT REPRESENTS 
THE ALTERNATIVE 
TO THAT MULTIMEDIA.
SO THAT'S LIKE SAYING, 
YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE
TO ACCESS THIS VIDEO 
WE PUT UP ON OUR WEBSITE AT ALL.
AND WITH VIDEO ESPECIALLY, 
VIDEO'S VERY TEMPERAMENTAL;
YOU HAVE TO HAVE THAT VERSION 
OF REAL MEDIA PLAYER
AND YOU HAVE TO HAVE, YOU KNOW, 
ONLY WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER
WILL WORK, AND IF YOU HAVE 
A MAC, THEN IT DOESN'T SHOW UP.
I MEAN, WE'RE NOT 
TALKING JUST ABOUT
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY USERS, 
BUT WE'RE TALKING
ABOUT ALL USERS 
MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ACCESS
THAT VIDEO AT ALL 
ON YOUR WEBSITE.
SO THE TRANSCRIPT REPRESENTS 
A TRUE ALTERNATE TO THAT MEDIA.
THE CAPTION IS AN AID 
TO USING THAT MEDIA, OKAY?
IT'S AN AID TO USING THAT MEDIA.
SO THAT'S WHY WE REQUIRE BOTH, 
AND THAT'S THE TRUE ALTERNATIVE,
AND THE AID.
SO, IF YOU DO HAVE VIDEO, 
AND YOU DO USE CAPTIONING,
WHICH, IF YOU HAVE VIDEO, 
YOU HAVE TO USE CAPTIONING,
THEN YOU ALSO HAVE 
TO GO ONE STEP FURTHER
AND ENSURE THAT THOSE CAPTIONS 
ARE SYNCHED WITH THE AUDIO.
SO THAT IS, 
IF YOU GO TO PBS.ORG,
FOR INSTANCE, 
THEY OFFER A LOT OF THEIR VIDEO,
A LOT OF VIDEO 
OF THEIR VARIOUS PROGRAMS.
AND THE WAY THAT THEY DO IT 
IS THEY SHOW THE VIDEO
IN A LITTLE BOX, 
AND THEN BELOW THAT
IS A LONG SCROLLING BOX 
THAT ESSENTIALLY
HAS A TRANSCRIPT
OF THE VIDEO.
THAT DOESN'T MEET 
OUR STANDARDS.
THAT IS JUST THE VIDEO 
AND A TRANSCRIPT.
WE WANT A VIDEO 
THAT'S CAPTIONED,
AND WHEN WE SAY CAPTIONED, 
WE WANT THOSE CAPTIONS
TO APPEAR IN SYNCH ALONG 
WITH THE VIDEO.
SO, I HAVE A 
SHORT EXAMPLE.
I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN SEE IT 
FROM HERE.
AND I DON'T KNOW 
WHERE MY MOUSE IS.
ALL RIGHT,
WE'LL SKIP IT.
ANYWAY, YOU WANT THOSE--
THAT INFORMATION TO APPEAR
AS THAT VIDEO
IS RUNNING.
TYPICALLY, CAPTIONING APPEARS 
AT THREE LINES AT A TIME,
SO IT TAKES 
A LITTLE BIT OF ARTWORK
TO SYNCH THOSE TWO THINGS UP, 
TO MAKE SURE THAT WHEN A PERSON
IS SPEAKING, 
WHAT THEY'RE SAYING
APPEARS UNDERNEATH THEIR HEAD, 
AND ALSO INCLUDING ANY 
AUDIO DESCRIPTION.
SO IF YOU ADD ADDITIONAL 
INFORMATION
THAT SAYS "X APPEARS 
ON THE SCREEN,
OR PROFESSOR SHOWS SLIDE OF Y," 
THEN YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE
THAT THAT DOESN'T INTERFERE WITH 
THE SPEAKING GOING ON, OKAY?
EXCEPTIONS--ALREADY--
*SCOTT LISNER TALKED ABOUT
SOME OF THE EXCEPTIONS 
THAT IT'S TRUE HERE--
THAT IS, THE PASSWORD PROTECTED 
COURSE MATERIALS.
AGAIN, COURSES HAVE 
SOME SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS.
YOU'RE GONNA WORK WITH 
THE OFFICE 
OF DISABILITY SERVICES
WHEN YOU HAVE A STUDENT 
WHO'S REGISTERED WITH THEM,
AND YOU'RE GOING TO SAY, 
"THIS IS HOW WE'RE GOING
TO PROVIDE YOU 
THAT ALTERNATIVE,"
BUT IN THOSE CASES, 
WE DO WANT YOU TO STATE
HOW THAT ACCESS 
SHOULD BE HANDLED.
SO YOU'RE GONNA SAY, 
"YES, WE HAVE THESE X, Y, Z
"NUMBER OF COURSE VIDEOS 
ON THIS SITE.
"IF YOU NEED TO ACCESS THEM 
IN ALTERNATE FORMAT,
HERE'S HOW YOU'RE GONNA 
GO ABOUT DOING THAT."
OKAY? 
WE WANT YOU TO MAKE THAT CLEAR.
AND AS ALWAYS, 
YOU MUST HAVE EQUAL ACCESS
WITH EQUAL EFFORT.
THAT MEANS, IF YOU'RE GOING 
TO ASK STUDENTS
TO WATCH A VIDEO 
OF A PARTICULAR MOVIE
ONE EVENING, AND THEN COME 
TO CLASS THE NEXT DAY
AND DISCUSS IT, 
YOU CAN'T EXPECT THOSE
WHO ARE UNABLE TO ACCESS 
THE VIDEO AT HOME
IN THE COMFORT OF THEIR DORMS, 
TO THEN DRIVE TWO HOURS
TO A PLACE WHERE YOU'RE GONNA 
SHOW THE VIDEO ONE TIME, OKAY?
YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE 
THAT THEY HAVE
A RELATIVELY EQUAL ACCESS 
TO THAT MATERIAL 
IN THE ALTERNATE FORMAT.
COLOR.
YOU CAN'T USE COLOR 
TO IDENTIFY INFORMATION.
AND THE EASIEST EXAMPLE 
I CAN GIVE YOU IS,
ALL OF THE RED NUMBERED ITEMS 
ARE REQUIRED, OKAY?
SAYING ALL OF THE--
WHATEVER COLOR
IS WHAT YOU WANT TO USE 
IS NOT GOING TO WORK BECAUSE,
ESPECIALLY, LIKE SCOTT 
JUST TALKED ABOUT
DOWNLOADING THIS PRESENTATION 
ON HIS PDA,
THERE'S LOTS OF PDAs 
AND CELL PHONES OUT THERE,
AND PEOPLE ARE USING TABLET PCs 
AND ALL SORTS
OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES 
THAT MAY NOT DISPLAY COLOR,
AND, LIKE OUR OWN 
PRESENTATION HERE,
MAY NOT DISPLAY 
COLOR WELL.
AND YOUR CHOICE OF COLORS 
MAY NOT BE AS CLEAR
AS THEY ARE WHEN 
YOU'RE SITTING
IN FRONT OF YOUR MONITOR 
ON CAMPUS.
SO, IF YOU ARE USING COLOR, 
YOU WANT TO ALSO INDICATE IT 
IN SOMETHING ELSE.
AND THE MOST COMMON ERROR THAT 
THE WEB ACCESSIBILITY CENTER
SEES IS LINKS 
IN A PARTICULAR COLOR.
ALL THE LINKS ARE RED 
ON OUR PAGE.
AND THAT'S THE ONLY WAY 
THAT YOU KNOW THAT IT'S A LINK.
YOU CAN USE THAT RED COLOR, 
BUT YOU ALSO WANT 
TO ADD SOMETHING ELSE.
MY PARTICULAR RECOMMENDATION 
IS TO NOT TURN OFF
THE UNDERLINING, 
IF AT ALL POSSIBLE.
MOST USERS EXPECT 
UNDERLINED TEXT TO BE A LINK.
SO, YOU'RE ALREADY
AHEAD THERE.
IF YOU ABSOLUTELY 
HATE UNDERLINING
'CAUSE IT JUST MAKES 
YOUR PAGES LOOK UGLY,
YOU CAN USE BOLD,
YOU CAN USE
AN ASTERISK 
NEXT TO IT,
YOU CAN COME UP 
WITH SOME OTHER SYSTEM
BESIDES JUST TURNING THE COLOR 
THAT SAYS,
"YES, THIS TEXT
IS A LINK."
WHAT WE WANNA AVOID IS THAT SORT 
OF HUNT-AND-PECK PHENOMENON
WHERE YOU HAVE TO BE LUCKY 
ENOUGH TO GET YOUR MOUSE
TO THAT PARTICULAR LOCATION TO 
DISCOVER THAT IT'S A LINK, OKAY.
AND ALSO, I WANT YOU TO AVOID 
THESE KIND OF SCENARIOS
WHERE YOU HAVE TO CHOOSE 
A COLOR TO NAVIGATE.
THESE ARE VERY PROBLEMATIC 
IF YOU CAN'T SEE COLOR, RIGHT?
CONTRAST; AND THIS 
IS AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE.
THIS IS FROM A BRITISH 
GOVERNMENT SITE.
THE MOST COMMON ERROR
WITH CON--
YES?
YEAH, I'M SORRY.
YEAH, ABOUT NAVIGATION MENUS 
AND COLOR, WHEN YOU COLOR YOUR
--WHEN YOU HAVE A NAVIGATION 
MENU WHERE EVERY TEXT
IN THAT BLOCK, AND IT'S ALWAYS 
IN A SPECIFIC AREA ON YOUR SITE,
EITHER ON THE--I'M POINTING 
TO THE LEFT SIDE
'CAUSE THAT'S WHERE IT MOST 
COMMONLY IS BUT A NAVIGATION BAR
AT THE BOTTOM, AT THE TOP, 
ON THE RIGHT,
WHERE IT'S CLEAR THAT ALL 
OF THAT TEXT IS NAVIGATION,
THEN IT IS ACCEPTABLE 
TO ONLY HAVE THAT AS COLOR
ONLY TO INDICATE 
THAT THOSE ARE LINKS.
MOST OF THE TIME, THE FACT THAT 
THEY ARE A DIFFERENT COLOR
FROM EVERY OTHER THING 
ON THE PAGE INDICATES
THAT THEY'RE LINKS, AND THEY'RE 
ALSO IN A CENTRALIZED LOCATION
AND IF POSSIBLE, WE EVEN 
LIKE YOU TO PUT A DIV
AROUND THOSE AND TITLE 
THAT NAVIGATION BAR,
SO DIV TITLE EQUALS 
NAVIGATION BAR.
WHEN THE SCREEN READER 
HITS THAT, IT'LL ANNOUNCE
THIS IS A NAVIGATION BAR SECTION 
AND THEN IT'LL READ OFF
ALL YOUR LINKS, OKAY, 
AND ANOTHER NICE WAY OF SORT
OF INDICATING THAT 
THIS IS A LINK SECTION.
OKAY, SO THEN
CONTRAST.
ONE THING WE WANT YOU 
TO AVOID IS THE LIGHT COLOR
ON DARK 
BACKGROUND.
IN THIS CASE, THEY'RE USING A 
LIGHT ORANGE ON A DARK ORANGE,
OKAY, AND YOU CAN TELL IT ALMOST 
DISAPPEARS IN THIS RESOLUTION
SO WE WANT YOU TO USE AS FAR 
ACROSS THE COLOR SPECTRUM
AS POSSIBLE, 
COLOR CHOICES
THAT REALLY CONTRAST 
WITH EACH OTHER.
IF YOU'RE NOT CLEAR WHAT 
THAT SPECTRUM IS
AND HOW TO CHOOSE THOSE, THERE 
ARE SEVERAL COLOR GUIDES
ONLINE FOR GOOD CONTRAST AND, 
IN FACT, WHEN THE WAC
CHECKS YOUR PAGES, WE USE THE 
ONE FROM LIGHTHOUSE.ORG.
SO IF YOU GO TO LIGHTHOUSE.ORG, 
THEY HAVE A VERY NICE
COLOR WHEEL AND YOU JUST CHOOSE 
COLORS THAT ARE ACROSS
FROM EACH OTHER 
ANYWHERE ON THE WHEEL
AND YOU'LL HAVE 
GOOD CONTRAST, OKAY.
IT'S PRETTY MUCH
THAT SIMPLE.
BUT IF YOU'RE EVER UNCLEAR
OR UNCERTAIN, YOU CAN ALWAYS
SEND US A PAGE, 
SEND US YOUR COLORS, SAY,
YOU KNOW, 
"WHAT DO YOU GUYS THINK?"
TEST IT OUT ON A FEW DIFFERENT 
RESOLUTIONS,
A FEW DIFFERENT BROWSERS, 
AND WE'RE HAPPY TO DO THAT.
MM-HMM.  
STYLE SHEETS.
FIRST OF ALL, YES, I WANT YOU 
TO USE STYLE SHEETS.
IF I HAD MY WAY, I WOULD MAKE 
YOU ALL USE STYLE SHEETS.
WHY?
BECAUSE STYLE SHEETS
ARE ONE OF THE BEST WAYS 
THAT YOU CAN,
AS A DESIGNER, CLEARLY DEFINE 
THE FORMATTING OF THE TEXT
THAT YOU WANT, BUT AT THE SAME 
TIME, AS THE USER,
I CAN TURN ALL THAT OFF 
AND STILL USE THE PAGE
HOW I WANT IT 
TO BE USED, OKAY.
SO IT'S SORT OF THE BEST 
OF BOTH WORLDS
IN TERMS OF 
ACCESSIBILITY.
ON THE OTHER HAND, 
ALL THAT WE SAY IS THAT
IF YOU DO USE STYLE SHEETS, 
WHEN THAT STYLE IS LIFTED OFF
OF YOUR PAGE, 
WHEN THAT STYLE DISAPPEARS,
WE STILL WANT THE CONTENT 
OF THE PAGE TO BE AVAILABLE
TO ASSISTIVE 
TECHNOLOGY, OKAY.
THE CONTENT CANNOT BE DEPENDENT 
UPON THAT STYLE SHEET WORKING,
SO YOU CAN DO THAT 
IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT WAYS.
YOU JUST--THE BEST WAY 
TO TEST YOUR SITE
IS TO TAKE OUT 
YOUR STYLE SHEET
FROM YOUR SITE 
AND LOAD THE PAGES.
IF YOU CAN STILL USE THE 
FUNCTIONALITY OF THOSE PAGES
AND STILL SEE THE CONTENT, 
YOU'RE GOOD TO GO, OKAY.
THINGS TO BE WARY OF 
AND WHAT I'VE USED IS HERE
IS A BACKGROUND 
IMAGE.
BACKGROUND IMAGES THAT YOU PUT 
INTO PLACE THAT CONTAIN CONTENT,
NOT THAT ARE JUST DECORATIVE 
BACKGROUND IMAGES
THAT CREATE PRETTY BORDERS 
AND THINGS LIKE THAT,
BUT THAT CONTAIN CONTENT LIKE 
THIS WOULD CONTAIN SOME TEXT.
THOSE ARE PROBABLY GONNA BE A 
POINT WHERE THE STYLE--
IF THE STYLE SHEET DOESN'T WORK, 
THAT CONTENT DISAPPEARS, OKAY,
SO YOU WANNA WATCH OUT 
FOR THOSE.
LIST STYLES 
AND CONTENT PROPERTIES,
SUCH AS DISPLAY, NONE;
THOSE KIND OF THINGS
CAN ALSO INTERFERE,
SO WHEN THE STYLE SHEET'S
NOT THERE, THE CONTENT MAY 
OR MAY NOT APPEAR,
OR IN MANY CASES,
IT APPEARS ON TOP
OF OTHER CONTENT,
MAKING IT UNUSABLE, MM-HMM.
AND AS A GENERAL TIP, 
NOT PART OF THE STANDARDS
BUT SOMETHING TO CONSIDER, 
CSS DOES REPRESENT
ONE OF THE BEST WAYS 
THAT YOU CAN AVOID
USING THE DEPRECATED HTML CODE 
OF THINGS LIKE CENTER, FONT,
OR USING BLOCK QUOTE INCORRECTLY 
TO INDENT TEXT, OKAY.
ALL OF THOSE "INLINE STYLES," 
IS WHAT THEY'RE CALLED,
OVERRIDE USER CHOICES AS WELL 
SO IF I USE THE FONT TAG
IN HTML AND DEFINE THE SIZE 
OF THE TEXT AND THE COLOR
OF THE TEXT, IF THEN AS A USER, 
I SAY,
"TURN OFF ALL THE COLORS AND USE 
MY COLORS INSTEAD,"
IT WON'T TURN OFF THOSE COLORS, 
OKAY.
IF I SAY, "RESIZE THE TEXT 
OF THE PAGE,"
IT WON'T RESIZE THAT TEXT, SO 
THAT'S WHY THOSE INLINE STYLES
ARE SORT OF MORE AGGRESSIVE 
TOWARDS THE USER
AND THAT'S WHY WE WANT YOU 
TO AVOID THEM
AND STYLE SHEETS 
IS ONE OPTION TO DO THAT.
ANY OTHER QUESTIONS SO FAR?
I KNOW I'M GOING PRETTY FAST.
FEEL FREE TO JUMP IN 
IF THEY COME TO YOU.
ALL RIGHT,
IMAGE MAPS.
I HAVE THE LITTLE PEOPLE HOLD-- 
HUGGING THE GLOBE.
IT'S A LITTLE HEART 
ABOVE THEIR HEAD BECAUSE
ESSENTIALLY,
THE STANDARDS SAY,
"WE LIKE CLIENT-SIDE 
IMAGE MAPS."
IF YOU'RE GONNA DO AN IMAGE MAP, 
THIS IS THE ONE
THAT WE WANT YOU TO USE.
WHY?
BECAUSE THE CLIENT-SIDE 
IMAGE MAP DEFINES AN AREA
ON YOUR IMAGE AND IT PUTS 
THAT DEFINITION OF WHERE
THAT AREA IS SUPPOSED TO LINK 
TO, WHAT'S SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN
ON THE MOUSE-CLICK EVENT 
INTO THE HTML DOCUMENT
THAT THE USER 
SEES, OKAY.
SO IT'S IN--IT'S ON THEIR SIDE 
OF THE MACHINE.
IT'S ON THE CLIENT'S SIDE, SO IF 
THAT FUNCTIONALITY DOESN'T WORK,
THERE ARE STILL OTHER WAYS 
TO ACCESS THAT INFORMATION
IF THAT CLICK 
DOESN'T WORK.
AND THE WAY YOU'RE GONNA MAKE 
SURE THAT HAPPENS IS
YOU'RE GOING TO PUT 
AN ALT TAG IN EACH 
OF THOSE AREAS THAT SAYS,
"THIS LINK LEADS 
TO OUR HOME PAGE.
THIS LINK LEADS TO 
INFORMATION," WHATEVER,
BUT YOU'RE GONNA HAVE AN ALT TAG 
IN THOSE AREA MAPS
THAT EXPLAINS WHAT'S SUPPOSED TO 
HAPPEN WHEN YOU CLICK
ON THAT PARTICULAR AREA 
OF THE MAP, OKAY.
ALT TAG FOR EACH 
LOCATION.
NOW, YOU CAN USE SERVER-SIDE 
MAPS AND THE DIFFERENCE
IN A SERVER-SIDE MAP 
IS FIRST OF ALL, YOU CAN ONLY
USE THE SERVER-SIDE MAP IF THE 
CLIENT-SIDE MAP DOESN'T WORK
FOR YOU, AND THE ONLY REASON 
IN MOST CASES
THAT THE CLIENT-SIDE MAP ISN'T 
GOING TO WORK
IS BECAUSE YOU'RE--THE AREAS 
THAT YOU'RE DEFINING
ARE NOT GEOMETRIC 
SHAPES.
SO ON A MAP, ON A CLIENT-SIDE 
MAP, YOU HAVE MAYBE A PICTURE
OF THE OVAL AND YOU DIVIDE 
THAT PICTURE
INTO FIVE DIFFERENT SECTIONS, 
AND WHEN YOU CLICK
ON ONE OF THE SQUARES 
OR ONE OF THE SECTIONS,
IT TAKES YOU TO A DIFFERENT PART 
OF THIS WEBSITE, OKAY.
NOW I'LL JUST TELL YOU,
THAT'S A BAD USABILITY PRACTICE
BECAUSE IT'S CALLED 
"MYSTERY MEAT NAVIGATION,"
WHICH IS NOT HELPFUL, BECAUSE 
AS A USER I HAVE TO GUESS
WHICH ONE LEADS 
TO WHICH AREA, RIGHT?
BUT IF YOU USE IT, IT DOESN'T 
VIOLATE THE STANDARDS
AS LONG AS YOU HAVE AN ALT TAG 
IN EACH ONE
OF THOSE LITTLE 
SQUARES, OKAY.
BUT LET'S SAY YOU WANNA MAKE 
SOMETHING
THAT HAS A VERY ODD SHAPE;
A FIGURE EIGHT, A SQUIGGLE,
WHEN YOU GET INTO REALLY 
DECORATIVE SITES
AND ARTISTIC SITES, IT COULD BE 
QUITE A DIFFERENT THING, OKAY.
IF YOU CANNOT MAKE A DEFINITE 
GEOMETRIC SHAPE
AND ASSIGN THAT LINK TO THAT 
AREA, THEN YOU PROBABLY
ARE GONNA HAVE 
TO USE A SERVER-SIDE MAP
AND THAT'S THE ONLY INSTANCE 
IN--WHEN IT'S PERMISSIBLE
TO USE A 
SERVER-SIDE MAP, OKAY.
SO WHAT HAPPENS 
WITH THE SERVER-SIDE MAP
IS WHEN I CLICK ON THAT AREA 
THAT YOU'VE DEFINED,
HOWEVER YOU'VE DEFINED IT, 
THAT RECOGNITION OF THAT EVENT,
THAT MOUSE EVENT, GETS SENT 
TO MY SERVER WHERE THE WEBSITE
IS AND THEN THAT 
GETS PROCESSED ON THAT SIDE
AND WITH THAT PROCESSING, 
THE COMPUTER DECIDES
WHERE YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO GO 
AS A RESULT OF THAT EVENT, OKAY.
WHAT'S SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN 
AS A RESULT OF THAT CLICK.
ALL THAT INFORMATION HAPPENS 
ON THE REMOTE END,
NOT ON THE USER END, 
SO ON THE USER END,
THERE'S NOTHING THAT SAYS WHAT'S 
SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN AS A RESULT
OF EACH 
PARTICULAR CLICK.
THAT ALL GETS PROCESSED 
ON THE OTHER SIDE SO AS A RESULT
OF THAT, I CAN'T INTERPRET 
THAT INFORMATION
UNLESS THAT SERVER 
IS PROCESSING, OKAY.
SO WHAT WE WANT YOU TO DO 
IN THOSE CASES
IS OFFER AN ALTERNATE WAY 
OF HAVING THOSE EVENTS HAPPEN,
NOT JUST THE SERVER-SIDE MAP 
BUT THAT USUALLY
MEANS A REPLICA OF TEXT LINKS 
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN.
IT CAN MEAN ADDING ADDITIONAL 
BUTTONS TO THE PAGE
SO THE PEOPLE CAN 
ACTIVATE THE BUTTON
RATHER THAN CLICKING ON A 
PARTICULAR AREA OF THE SCREEN.
YOU CAN FIND 
ALL DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS,
BUT WE WANT YOU TO HAVE 
AT LEAST TWO METHODS OF MAKING
THAT PROCESS HAPPEN IF YOU'RE 
USING A SERVER-SIDE MAP, OKAY.
ONE THAT USES THE MOUSE 
AND IS MOUSE DEPENDENT
AND ONE THAT'S 
AN ALTERNATE.
TABLES.
EIGHT AND NINE ARE
BOTH DEALING WITH TABLES.
FIRST OF ALL, WHENEVER 
YOU HAVE A DATA TABLE--
WELL, LET'S TALK 
ABOUT LAYOUT TABLES FIRST--
THAT'S WHAT I HAVE UP HERE.
LAYOUT TABLES.
WHEN YOU'RE USING LAYOUT TABLES 
AND AS SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW,
STYLE SHEETS IS FAST MOVING 
TOWARDS REPLACING
THE NEED FOR 
LAYOUT TABLES.
NOT THERE YET, 
NOT FULLY SUPPORTED YET,
BUT IT'S COMING SOON; 
BUT WHEN
AND IF YOU ARE USING 
LAYOUT TABLES,
YOU DON'T WANNA PUT ANY HEADER 
INFORMATION IN THAT TABLE
THAT MIGHT IDENTIFY THAT TABLE 
TO THE SCREEN READER.
IN MOST CASES, WE WANT IT 
TO SKIP RIGHT OVER THE FACT
THAT THAT'S A TABLE 
AND GO RIGHT INTO THE CONTENT.
WE DON'T WANT IT TO ANNOUNCE 
THAT THERE'S A LAYOUT TABLE
ON THERE BECAUSE 
IT'S NOT REALLY IMPORTANT
THAT THE USER UNDERSTAND THAT 
THIS IS ALL LAID OUT IN A TABLE.
IT DOESN'T MATTER,
OKAY.
SO WE DON'T WANT YOU 
TO PUT SUMMARIES OR CAPTIONS
OR HEADERS INTO A LAYOUT TABLE 
BUT IF YOU HAVE A DATA TABLE,
AND THIS MEANS ANY KIND OF DATA 
TABLE FROM TWO ROWS OF DATA
TO 150 ROWS OF DATA TO 1000 ROWS 
OF DATA, WHEN IT'S A DATA TABLE,
YOU HAVE TO DEFINE HEADERS 
AND THAT MEANS THAT YOU HAVE
TO PUT HEADERS AT THE TOP 
OF EACH COLUMN THAT SAYS
WHAT THE INFORMATION IN THAT 
COLUMN IS SUPPOSED TO BE
AND YOU HAVE TO PUT A HEADER ON 
THE ROW THAT SAYS
HOW THIS INFORMATION IS RELATED 
TO EACH OTHER, OKAY.
SO, FOR INSTANCE, 
AT THE TOP, I MIGHT SAY,
"E-MAIL, TITLE, 
DEPARTMENT, PHONE,"
AND ON THE SIDE I MIGHT HAVE 
THE NAME OF THE INDIVIDUAL
AS THE 
ROW HEADER.
SO THEN AS I MOVE ALONG 
IN THE SCREEN READER,
WHEN I MOVE THIS WAY ACROSS 
THE TABLE, THE SCREEN READER
WILL ANNOUNCE 
WHICH COLUMN I'M IN.
IT'LL SAY, "E-MAIL, TITLE, 
PHONE," AND THEN READ THE DATA.
WHEN I MOVE DOWN, IT'LL ANNOUNCE 
WHICH PERSON I'M LOOKING
AT THAT DATA FOR, SO IF I'M IN 
THE E-MAIL COLUMN
AND I MOVE DOWN, IT'LL SAY, 
"LORI BAILEY"
AND THEN READ MY 
E-MAIL ADDRESS.
IF I MOVE DOWN ANOTHER ONE, 
IT'LL SAY, "*SCOTT *LISNER"
AND READ HIS E-MAIL ADDRESS 
AND SO ON AND SO FORTH, OKAY.
SO WHEN YOU HAVE A TABLE 
THAT IS DATA,
YOU NEED TO
DEFINE HEADERS.
NOW, IF YOU HAVE A MORE COMPLEX 
TABLE THAN THAT
AND THAT MEANS YOU HAVE A SUBSET 
WITHIN THAT TABLE,
AND IF YOU WANT, YOU CAN LOOK 
AT THE WAC'S WEBSITE.
WE HAVE AN EXAMPLE OF THIS FROM 
A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
WHERE THEY WERE TAKING HEART 
RATES FOR A NUMBER
OF DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS, AND 
THEN WITHIN THAT INDIVIDUAL,
THEY HAVE A SUBSET OF HEART 
RATES BASED ON ACTIVITY, OKAY.
AND SO THE ONE TABLE IS EMBEDDED 
WITH INSIDE THE OTHER TABLE.
SO WHEN THAT HAPPENS, IT'S NOT 
GOOD ENOUGH JUST
TO DEFINE A HEADER ROW 
AND ANOTHER HEADER ROW
BECAUSE THE SCREEN READER 
WON'T KNOW WHAT
--WHICH HEADER THAT PARTICULAR 
CELL SHOULD USE, OKAY,
'CAUSE YOU HAVE TWO SETS 
OF HEADERS.
SO IN THAT CASE YOU'RE GONNA USE 
THE ID TAG WITHIN EACH DATA CELL
TO EXPLICITLY ASSOCIATE IT WITH 
THE APPROPRIATE HEADER, OKAY.
SO YOU'RE GONNA SAY, 
"ID EQUALS HEADER ONE.
"ID EQUALS HEADER FOUR.
ID EQUALS HEADER SIX," AND SO ON 
AND THEN THE SCREEN READER
WILL KNOW THAT THIS TABLE CELL 
BELONGS TO THIS PARTICULAR 
HEADER, OKAY.
BUT IF YOU DON'T HAVE 
THAT COMPLEX OF A TABLE,
YOU CAN JUST USE THE TH TAG 
TO DEFINE HEADERS
AND THEN USE THE SCOPE TO SAY--
YOU WOULD SAY,
"TH SCOPE EQUALS COLUMN," SO 
THIS--FOR THIS COMPLETE COLUMN,
THE HEADER IS E-MAIL.
TH SCOPE EQUALS COLUMN.
FOR THIS COMPLETE COLUMN, 
THE SCOPE IS TITLE, OKAY.
SO ALL THE WAY DOWN THE WHOLE 
COLUMN, IT'S THAT HEADER,
SO IT'S FAIRLY EASY WHEN YOU 
HAVE A SIMPLE TABLE.
IT TAKES A LITTLE 
BIT MORE LEGWORK
WHEN YOU HAVE A MORE 
COMPLEX TABLE, OKAY.
ANY QUESTIONS 
ABOUT THE--?
>> YOU SAY THERE'S AN EXAMPLE OF 
THIS ON THE WEBSITE?
>> YEAH, THERE'S AN EXAMPLE OF 
THIS AND ALL OF THESE STANDARDS
ON OUR WEBSITE.
WE HAVE A COUPLE OF GOOD 
TUTORIALS AND ON THE CD
THAT I GAVE YOU, WE HAVE A COPY 
OF OUR TWO MOST-USED TUTORIALS,
WHICH HAS DO'S AND DON'TS 
AND EXAMPLES ON IT,
SO TAKE A LOOK AT THE CD FIRST 
AND IF YOU DON'T FIND
WHAT YOU'RE WORKING FOR, 
GO AHEAD TO OUR WEBSITE.
FRAMES.
IF YOU USE FRAMES, IF YOU USE 
FRAMES, AND I'LL SAY A BIG IF,
IF YOU DECIDE THAT FRAMES ARE 
THE WAY TO GO FOR YOU,
THEN THE STANDARD SAYS, "YOU 
HAVE TO GIVE A TITLE
TO EACH OF YOUR FRAMES."
IT'S VERY SIMPLE TO DO. 
THERE'S A TITLE ATTRIBUTE.
YOU SAY, "TITLE EQUALS" AND GIVE 
A NAME TO THAT FRAME
THAT IDENTIFIES WHAT THE CONTENT 
IS OF THAT FRAME
BECAUSE THAT'S HOW USERS 
OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
ARE GONNA MOVE 
THROUGH THE FRAMES.
THEY'RE GONNA MOVE 
TO THE NAVIGATION FRAME,
TO THE HEADER FRAME, 
TO THE CONTENT FRAME,
TO THE FOOTER FRAME,
AND SO ON.
WHATEVER YOU NAME IT, THAT'S HOW 
IT'S GONNA BE IDENTIFIED, OKAY.
SO YOU WANNA GIVE HELPFUL 
INFORMATION, NOT SC1-3, SC1-4,
SC1-5, OKAY, AND IF YOU DON'T 
HAVE THAT INFORMATION
ON YOUR FRAMES, THEN IT ACTUALLY 
MAKES YOUR FRAMES INACCESSIBLE
TO USERS OF 
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
I CAN'T GET ANYWHERE, SO THE 
TITLE IS VITALLY IMPORTANT
TO FRAME USERS.
THAT BEING SAID, THE WEB 
ACCESSIBILITY CENTER
ADVISES YOU TO AVOID USING 
FRAMES, OKAY.
WHY DO WE ADVISE YOU
TO AVOID USING FRAMES?
WELL, FOR NUMBER ONE, 
WHEN YOU USE FRAMES,
IT BREAKS THE 
NAVIGATION SYSTEM.
IT BREAKS THE BACK BUTTON 
AND IT BREAKS THE HISTORY LIST.
IF SOMEBODY FINDS SOME REALLY 
GOOD INFORMATION
THROUGH YOUR SITE THAT IS BASED 
ON FRAMES, THEY LOVE THIS PAGE.
THEY WANNA SEND THIS PAGE 
TO THEIR FRIENDS AND FAMILY.
THEY WANT EVERYBODY 
TO COME TO THIS PAGE
AND SEE THE VALUABLE INFORMATION 
THAT YOU HAVE.
THERE IS NO WAY FOR THEM 
TO BOOKMARK THAT PAGE,
NO WAY FOR THEM TO JUMP BACK 
TO THAT PAGE QUICKLY.
AND OFTEN TIMES THE NAVIGATION 
IS SET UP IN SUCH A WAY
THAT THEY CAN'T FIGURE OUT 
HOW THEY GOT THERE
IN THE FIRST PLACE BECAUSE 
AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE PAGE,
THAT SORT OF NICE HISTORY 
DOESN'T GET SET UP FOR THEM.
IF YOU'RE GONNA USE FRAMES, 
PROVIDE A BREADCRUMB NAVIGATION
THAT SHOWS PEOPLE HOW THEY GOT 
TO THE PAGE THAT THEY'RE AT,
OKAY, SO THAT THEY CAN GET BACK 
THERE IF THEY NEED TO.
AND IT'S ALSO OFTEN UNEXPECTED 
WHEN USERS CLICK ON A BUTTON
AND ONLY ONE PORTION
OF THE PAGE CHANGES.
IT'S A LITTLE SURPRISING AND 
DISCONCERTING TO SOME USERS
AND BEYOND THAT, IT'S NOT 
SUPPORTED BY OLDER BROWSERS
SO IF YOU HAVEN'T UPDATED
YOUR BROWSER,
YOU DON'T GET TO
SEE THE FRAMES.
SO THAT BEING SAID, 
IF YOU ARE GONNA USE FRAMES
IN ADDITION TO DOING THE TITLES, 
WE RECOMMEND THAT YOU ALSO
OFFER A NOFRAMES CONTENT 
AND IT'S VERY SIMPLE TO DO.
ALL YOU HAVE TO DO 
IS IN YOUR FRAME SET,
YOU HAVE A SECTION CALLED 
NOFRAMES WITH AN END OF NOFRAMES
AND WHAT HAPPENS IS 
IF YOU TURN FRAMES OFF
OR FRAMES AREN'T WORKING, 
THIS SECTION OF THE CONTENT
WILL STILL WORK, OKAY, 
SO THIS WILL GET DISPLAYED
EVEN THOUGH YOUR NAVIGATION 
AND MENU INFORMATION
WON'T GET DISPLAYED.
SO IF YOU'RE GONNA USE FRAMES, 
OFFER A NOFRAME SECTION
AND THAT'LL ALLOW PEOPLE TO SORT 
OF OPT OUT OF YOUR FRAMES
IF IT'S NOT WORKING 
FOR THEM, HMM.
FLICKER.
IT'S A LITTLE CONFUSING, 
I THINK, HOW WE DEFINE
WHAT TO AVOID WITH FLICKER, 
SO SAYING IT A LITTLE CLEAR--
MORE CLEARLY IS ANYTHING 
BETWEEN 2 AND 55 HERTZ
IS WHAT YOU 
DON'T WANNA USE, OKAY.
THOSE ARE THE AREAS THAT 
ARE GONNA BE MOST LIKELY
TO INDUCE SEIZURES IN SENSITIVE 
PEOPLE AND ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE
IS TWO AND ON THE RIGHT-HAND 
SIDE IS 55 HERTZ, OKAY.
IT'LL GIVE YOU A SENSE 
OF HOW FAST THINGS MOVE.
NOW THAT IS A GUIDELINE 
FOR THE STANDARDS.
THERE HAS BEEN SOME EVIDENCE 
THAT SHOWS
IF YOU USE HIGH-CONTRASTING 
IMAGES, FOR INSTANCE,
SOMETHING THAT'S FLASHING 
BETWEEN BLACK AND WHITE,
ON AND OFF BLACK AND WHITE, 
THAT EVEN 55 HERTZ IS GOING
TO BE DIFFICULT FOR SOME PEOPLE, 
SO THE HIGHER THE CONTRAST
OF THAT FLASH ON AND OFF, 
THE MORE LIKELIHOOD
THAT YOU'LL WANNA MAKE IT 
A SLOW CHANGE
RATHER THAN A 
FAST CHANGE, OKAY.
SUGGESTED TECHNIQUES 
FOR HOW YOU MIGHT DEAL
WITH THIS PARTICULAR STANDARD 
IS NUMBER ONE,
AVOID FLICKER ENTIRELY.
DON'T MAKE THINGS MOVE 
ON YOUR SITE.
I KNOW I WILL APPRECIATE IT 
AS A USER.
NUMBER TWO, IF YOU MUST MAKE 
THINGS MOVE AROUND ON YOUR SITE,
ALLOW ME TO STOP IT.
GIVE THE USER AN OPTION TO SAY, 
"MAKE THIS STOP HAPPENING,"
OKAY, "IT'S REALLY 
ANNOYING ME.
I DON'T WANT IT 
TO DO THIS ANYMORE."
AND THEN THIRDLY, AVOID THINGS 
THAT YOU, AS A PROGRAMMER,
CAN'T CONTROL THE SPEED 
OF HOW FAST IT'S GONNA FLICKER.
SO, FOR INSTANCE, IF YOU USE THE 
SCROLLING TEXTBOX IN MICROSOFT,
YOU DON'T REALLY HAVE AN OPTION 
TO SAY HOW FAST
IT'S GONNA SCROLL, 
AND IT ALL SORT OF DEPENDS
ON THE PROCESSING SPEED AND, 
YOU KNOW, WHAT THE USER'S USING
AT ANY GIVEN TIME AND THEIR 
BROWSER AND ALL THAT STUFF.
SO 'CAUSE YOU CAN'T 
REALLY CONTROL IT,
YOU DON'T WANNA USE IT BECAUSE 
YOU ONLY WANNA USE THINGS
THAT YOU KNOW YOU CAN AVOID 
THAT TWO TO 55 HERTZ,
THE DANGEROUS AREA,
OKAY.
SCRIPTING.
SCRIPTING'S A TOUGH ONE BECAUSE 
THERE'S SO MANY DIFFERENT
DEFINITIONS OF WHAT SCRIPTING 
IS AND HOW SCRIPTING CAN BE USED
AND ESSENTIALLY WHAT WE'RE 
SAYING IS YOU CAN USE SCRIPTS
AS LONG AS THE RESULTS 
OF THE SCRIPTS ARE ACCESSIBLE
TO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
NOW THAT'S NOT REALLY EASY 
TO DEFINE, RIGHT.
HOW ARE YOU GONNA KNOW THAT?
I THINK IN MOST CASES 
YOU'RE GONNA HAVE
TO ACCESS SOME 
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO ASK THE WEB 
ACCESSABILITY CENTER
TO USE A SCREEN READER 
TO ACCESS YOUR PAGE
OR TO FILL OUT YOUR FORM 
OR YOU'RE GONNA HAVE
TO USE YOUR OWN COPIES OF THOSE 
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
TO TEST IT OUT,
BUT WHERE I CAN RECOMMEND TO YOU
IS IF YOUR SCRIPT ESSENTIALLY 
CREATES OR RESULTS
IN THE CREATION OF HTML THAT 
GETS ENCODED INTO THE PAGE,
THEN YOU'RE PROBABLY 
GONNA BE OKAY.
SO, FOR INSTANCE, PHP SCRIPTING 
RESULTS IN WRITING HTML CODE
THAT THEN GETS INTERPRETED 
BY THE BROWSER,
OKAY, SO IN ESSENCE WHAT 
THE USER SEES IS NOT PHP.
THAT HAPPENS ON 
THE SERVER SIDE.
WHAT THEY SEE IS HTML 
RESULTS OF THAT PHP
AND IF THAT'S HAPPENING,
THEN YOU'RE PROBABLY
GONNA BE OKAY, OKAY.
BUT WHAT YOU WANNA AVOID 
IS IF THAT SCRIPT
CREATES THE CONTENT AND 
IF THE SCRIPT ISN'T TURNED ON,
THAT CONTENT 
COMPLETELY DISAPPEARS
AND ISN'T AVAILABLE AT ALL, 
LIKE IN JAVASCRIPT.
SO SOME COMMON PROBLEMS THAT WE 
SEE A LOT OF ARE WHEN SCRIPTS
OR JAVASCRIPT IS USED TO FILL 
OUT A FORM--EXCUSE ME,
IF I MAKE A CHOICE--
FOR INSTANCE,
YOU HAVE AN ADDRESS OPTION AND 
IN THAT YOU HAVE A BIG LIST
OF ALL THE STATES, AND WHEN I 
CHOOSE ONE THING ON THE LIST,
IT AUTOMATICALLY DROPS 
THAT INTO THE FORM
AND RELOADS THE FORM PAGE,
OKAY.
THERE'S ACTUALLY TWO PROBLEMS 
WITH THAT.
IT USES A JUMP MENU 
AND IT RELOADS THE PAGE.
WHAT HAPPENS IS IF I TRY AND 
ACCESS THAT DROPDOWN MENU
USING A KEYBOARD, I CAN ONLY 
GET, CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG, 
ALASKA.
I CAN ONLY GET THE FIRST OPTION 
ON YOUR LIST
BECAUSE AS SOON AS 
I SCROLL DOWN WITH MY ARROW KEY,
IT SELECTS THAT OPTION, 
DROPS IT IN THE BOX,
AND RELOADS THE PAGE, OKAY.
SO NOW I'M STUCK.
I CAN ONLY GET 
THAT FIRST CHOICE.
THAT'S A JUMP MENU AND PEOPLE-- 
THERE'S OFTEN USE JUMP MENUS
AS NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES.
THEY PUT IT AT THE TOP OF THEIR 
PAGE AND THEY SAY,
"QUICK LINKS,
JUMP TO SOMETHING,"
AND YOU SELECT, YOU KNOW, 
THE LIBRARY PAGE AND THAT'S--
IF YOU'RE A KEYBOARD USER, 
THAT'S THE ONLY PAGE
YOU CAN EVER QUICKLY 
GET TO, OKAY.
THE OTHER THING THAT HAPPENS 
WHEN YOU RELOAD THAT PAGE
IS EVERY TIME YOU RELOAD A PAGE, 
THE SCREEN READER
STARTS READING THE PAGE 
FROM THE VERY TOP OF THE PAGE,
SO IF I'M USING A SCREEN READER 
TO FILL OUT YOUR FORM
AND YOU HAVE, LET'S SAY, 
FIVE OF THOSE NICE LITTLE
DROPDOWN MENUS, 
EVERY TIME I SELECT ONE
OF THOSE DROPDOWN MENUS, IT 
JUMPS TO THE TOP OF THE PAGE
AND STARTS READING ME THE WHOLE 
FORM AGAIN
AND THEN I GOTTA WAIT TO GET IT 
DOWN TO WHERE I WAS AGAIN,
GO TO YOUR NEXT LITTLE DROPDOWN 
BOX, CHOOSE A CHOICE THERE,
RELOAD, STARTS FROM THE TOP 
OF THE PAGE.
MORE FUN FOR ME, RIGHT, 
SO YOU WANNA AVOID THINGS
THAT ARE GONNA RESET THE PAGE 
OR RELOAD THE PAGE, OKAY.
AND FINALLY, MOUSE EVENTS.
PEOPLE LIKE TO USE A LOT 
OF ONMOUSECLICK,
ONMOUSEOVER,
THOSE KIND OF THINGS.
THE BEST I CAN TELL YOU IS WHEN 
THAT IS THE ONLY WAY
THAT YOU'VE DEFINED AN EVENT ON 
YOUR PAGE, ONMOUSEOVER,
FOR INSTANCE, IT WORKS 
ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF THE TIME
WITH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY, SO IF 
YOU HAVE AN A MOUSEOVER LINK,
ONMOUSEOVER THE LINK 
IS GONNA POP UP
AND DO THIS NEAT, 
COOL THING.
WHEN I ACTUALLY TRY TO ENGAGE 
THAT LINK USING THE KEYBOARD
AND MY SCREEN READER, THE FIRST 
TIME I DO IT, NOTHING'LL HAPPEN.
THE SECOND TIME 
I GET THERE,
IT MIGHT ACTUALLY 
GO TO THE LINK, OKAY,
BUT THE PROBLEM IS WHEN 
THAT NOTHING HAPPENS,
I ASSUME THAT LINK IS BROKEN,
IT DOESN'T WORK.
SO TO AVOID 
THOSE KIND OF THINGS,
I ALWAYS RECOMMEND THAT IF YOU 
ARE GONNA USE MOUSEOVER EVENTS
THAT YOU USE THE ON KEY 
COMMAND AS WELL.
SO YOU SAY, "ON KEY PRESS, 
ALSO DO THIS THING"
OR YOU ADD AN ACCESS KEY 
TO THAT PARTICULAR EVENT,
SO I CAN HIT ALT AND ONE AND 
HAVE THAT SAME THING HAPPEN
AND IF YOU WANT AN EXAMPLE 
OF THE ACCESS KEYS,
IF YOU GO TO THE WAC WEBSITE, 
WE HAVE STANDARDIZED
ACROSS OUR SITE SO THAT 
IF YOU HIT ALT ONE,
IT GETS YOU TO THE HOME PAGE, 
ALT TWO GETS YOU TO THE SEARCH,
ALT THREE GETS YOU TO THE MENU, 
ALT FOUR, I THINK, DROPS YOU
TO THE CONTENT, 
THAT SORT OF THING.
SO WE HAVE IT SET UP SO THAT 
EVERY PAGE YOU HIT
ONCE YOU LEARN 
THAT LITTLE KEY STRATEGY,
YOU CAN QUICKLY GET AROUND OUR 
PAGES VERY EASILY.
SO ANY PLACE YOU ARE ON OUR 
PAGE, YOU CAN HIT ALT ONE
AND GET BACK 
TO OUR HOME PAGE, OKAY,
SO THAT'S THE ADVANTAGE 
OF ACCESS KEYS.
IT'S JUST ANOTHER WAY OF SORT 
OF DOUBLY ENSURING FOR PEOPLE
THAT THEY CAN USE THEIR 
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
TO GET TO WHERE 
THEY WANT TO.
OKAY, APPLICATIONS 
AND PLUG-INS.
THE REALITY OF IT IS THIS BRINGS 
TOGETHER THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF USING ALTERNATE PROGRAMS FOR 
FUNCTIONALITY ON YOUR SITE,
PLUG-INS, IS THAT YOU HAVE 
TO THINK ABOUT MULTIPLE
DIFFERENT STANDARDS AT ONE TIME, 
OKAY, BUT LET'S JUST GO
WITH THIS STANDARD FIRST AND 
THEN I'LL SHOW YOU AN EXAMPLE.
EVERY PAGE THAT REQUIRES 
A PLUG- IN TO VIEW CONTENT
OR ACCESS THE FUNCTIONALITY OF 
YOUR PAGE NEEDS
TO HAVE A LINK TO THE PLUG-IN 
THAT'S REQUIRED, OKAY.
THAT SIMPLE.
SO IF YOU HAVE A FLASH SITE AND 
EVERY PAGE IN YOUR SITE
USES FLASH, THEN EVERY PAGE 
IN YOUR SITE SHOULD HAVE
A TEXT NON-FLASH LINK TO 
THE FLASH PLAYER WEBSITE, OKAY.
SO THAT I CAN KNOW THAT I NEED 
FLASH IN ORDER TO SEE YOUR PAGE
AND THAT WOULD BE
VERY HELPFUL.
I JUST REVIEWED A SITE RECENTLY 
WITH--THAT USED ALL FLASH
AND I HAVE A POP-UP BLOCKER 
ON MY MACHINE
AND THE POP-UP BLOCKER ALSO 
TURNED OFF FLASH SO
WHEN I WENT TO THEIR SITE, 
I SAW A BIG EMPTY PAGE.
THAT WAS IT, BIG BLANK.
IF I'D HAD THAT AT LEAST 
TEXT LINK THAT SAYS,
"THIS PAGE REQUIRES 
FLASH PLAYER,"
THEN I WOULD AT LEAST KNOW, HEY, 
MAYBE IT'S MY POP-UP BLOCKER
THAT'S STOPPING THIS AND NOT 
THAT, IT'S--
THEY HAVE A PROBLEM 
WITH THEIR PAGE, OKAY.
SO THAT'S TRUE WHENEVER YOU'RE 
USING WHATEVER KIND OF PLUG-IN.
IF YOU HAVE A QUICKTIME MOVIE ON 
A PAGE, YOU NEED A LINK--
TO THE QUICKTIME PLAYER.
IF YOU'RE USING ADOBE PDF, 
YOU NEED A LINK TO ADOBE READER
OR ANOTHER PDF VIEWER,
OKAY.
THE ONLY SPECIFICATION 
OF WHICH ONE YOU--
WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE, 
FOR INSTANCE, WITH PDF USERS,
IS THAT THE STANDARD ALSO SAYS 
THAT YOU CAN'T REQUIRE
AN INACCESSIBLE PLUG-IN 
SO IF YOU'RE USING
SOME THIRD-PARTY PROGRAM 
THAT IF I DOWNLOAD THAT--
FOR INSTANCE, THERE'S A MAP 
VERSION THAT OSU USES
AND YOU HAVE TO HAVE THEIR 
LITTLE PLUG-IN
IN ORDER TO VIEW THE MAP 
AND MAKE THE MAP INTERACTIVE,
THAT PLUG-IN IN AND OF ITSELF 
IS NOT ACCESSIBLE, OKAY.
IF I DOWNLOAD IT, I STILL CAN'T 
USE THAT PLUG-IN
WITH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY,
SO YOU EITHER WANNA
CHOOSE PLUG-INS 
THAT ARE ACCESSIBLE;
THAT'S NUMBER ONE, 
AND YOU CAN CHECK THEM OUT,
AGAIN, USING 
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY,
HAVE THE WAC TEST IT FOR YOU 
OR IF YOU GO TO WEBAIM'S SITE,
WEBAIM.ORG, 
THEY DO HAVE A RUNNING LIST
OF APPROVED OR KNOWN 
TO BE ACCESSIBLE PLUG-INS
SO IF YOU WORK FROM THAT LIST, 
YOU'RE IN GOOD SHAPE, TOO.
ALTERNATELY, FOR INSTANCE, 
WITH THE MAP, AT SOME LEVEL
YOU CAN'T MAKE A CLICKABLE MAP 
ACCESSIBLE TO A KEYBOARD USER
OR TO A BLIND USER BECAUSE 
WHERE THEY GONNA CLICK?
YOU KNOW, IF YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO 
CLICK ON THIS AREA OF THE MAP
AND ENLARGE IT, THAT'S JUST NOT 
GONNA BE POSSIBLE
SO FOR THEM THEY HAVE TO FIND 
A COMPLETELY ALTERNATE WAY
OF OFFERING 
THAT SAME INFORMATION.
FOR INSTANCE, THEY OFFER 
TEXT DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT
YOU MIGHT HAVE SELECTED, OKAY.
SO IN THAT CASE, IT DOESN'T 
MATTER IF THE PLUG-IN
IS INACCESSIBLE.
THEY'RE GONNA OFFER THAT 
IN ALTERNATE FORMAT.
SO LET'S TAKE A LOOK 
AT AN EXAMPLE
THAT I FREQUENTLY GET QUESTIONS 
ABOUT, WHICH IS THE PDF.
WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN IF YOU HAVE 
PDFs IN YOUR WEBSITE?
WELL, NUMBER ONE, 
WHEREVER YOU LINK TO A PDF,
YOU NEED TO HAVE A LINK 
TO A PDF VIEWER, MOST POPULAR,
ADOBE ACROBAT READER.
THERE'S LOTS OF VIEWERS 
OUT THERE.
JUST MAKE SURE THAT 
WHICHEVER ONE YOU CHOOSE
IS ACCESSIBLE 
TO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
ADOBE ACROBAT READER IS FAIRLY 
ACCESSIBLE, FAIRLY ACCESSIBLE,
AS LONG AS YOU CREATE THE PDF 
TO BE ACCESSIBLE.
THAT'S THE KEY, ALL RIGHT.
THE VIEWER'S NOT THE PROBLEM.
THE PDF IS THE PROBLEM,
OKAY.
NUMBER TWO, YOU'RE GONNA INFORM 
USERS WHENEVER A LINK
REQUIRES THAT PDF PLUG-IN, OKAY, 
SO YOU'RE GONNA HAVE A SYSTEM
IN PLACE THAT EITHER HAS THE 
WORD PDF NEXT TO EACH LINK
OR AN ASTERISK NEXT 
TO EACH LINK OR A CHECKMARK
OR A BIG ADOBE SYMBOL 
NEXT TO IT, WHATEVER.
YOU'RE GONNA TELL USERS THIS 
LINK GOES TO A PDF DOCUMENT.
WELL, NOT ONLY FOR ASSISTIVE 
TECHNOLOGY USERS
WHO MIGHT NEED TO THEN DOWNLOAD 
THAT PLUG-IN
OR WANT TO AVOID THAT PLUG-IN, 
BUT ALSO FOR USERS
WITH SLOW MODEMS, 
OLDER MACHINES,
AND THEY KNOW THAT IT'S GONNA 
TAKE THEM A HALF-AN-HOUR
TO GET THAT PLUG-IN TO LOAD AND 
THEY WANNA GO GET COFFEE
BEFORE THAT HAPPENS, SO THEY 
WANNA KNOW THAT THAT LINK
IS GONNA GO TO THAT PDF, OKAY. 
SO YOU'RE GONNA TELL THEM.
NUMBER THREE, 
THE PDF CREATION ITSELF
IS WHAT'S MOST IMPORTANT, SO 
YOU'RE GONNA MAKE EVERY EFFORT
TO ENSURE THAT THE PDF THAT 
YOU'RE OFFERING IS ACCESSIBLE,
WAS CREATED IN A WAY 
THAT MAKES IT ACCESSIBLE.
THERE IS LOTS OF WAYS 
TO DO THIS AND THE WAC
WILL HOPEFULLY BE OFFERING 
REALLY SOON A WORKSHOP
THAT DETAILS HOW TO DO THIS, 
BUT IN GENERAL,
YOU CAN CREATE IT IN WORD 
IN SUCH A WAY
THAT YOU CAN MAKE IT ACCESSIBLE 
OR YOU CAN USE
THE MAKE ACCESSIBLE PLUG-IN 
IN ADOBE ACROBAT FIVE.
THERE'S SEVERAL DIFFERENT 
METHODS, BUT LET'S SAY
YOU KNOW THAT THIS DOCUMENT 
IS NOT ACCESSIBLE
AND YOU KNOW THAT YOU DON'T HAVE 
THE TIME OR ENERGY RIGHT NOW
TO MAKE IT ACCESSIBLE.
YOU HAVE ESSENTIALLY TWO 
ALTERNATIVES.
ONE IS YOU CAN OFFER THE 
DOCUMENT IN ALTERNATE FORMAT.
WE OFFER OUR PDFs 
IN HTML AND PDF.
WE DISPLAY AUTOMATICALLY 
THE HTML TO YOU.
IF YOU SO CHOOSE, YOU CAN SELECT 
TO VIEW THE PDF, OKAY.
SO THAT'S THE EASIEST WAY, 
IS TO ALSO OFFER A TEXT VERSION
OF IT OR AN HTML VERSION OF IT, 
ALL RIGHT.
ALTERNATELY, IF IT DOESN'T FALL 
INTO THOSE PRIORITIES
FOR ACCESSIBILITY 
THAT *SCOTT *LISNER JUST TALKED
TO YOU ABOUT, THAT IS, 
IT'S NOT ONE OF THE PAGES
THAT IS USED FOR FUNCTIONALITY 
TO YOUR SITE.
IT DOESN'T HAVE 
THAT HIGH PRIORITY LEVEL.
IT'S AN ARCHIVE, FOR INSTANCE, 
OF AN ARTICLE
THAT A PROFESSOR PUBLISHED 
FIVE YEARS AGO
AND IT'S NOT NECESSARY FOR DAILY 
USE, THEN YOU CAN JUST
INCLUDE A STATEMENT THAT SAYS, 
"YOU KNOW WHAT?
"THIS MAY NOT BE
ACCESSIBLE.
IF YOU WANT AN ACCESSIBLE
VERSION, HERE'S HOW TO GET 
ONE," OKAY.
BUT THAT'S 
ONLY APPROPRIATE, AGAIN,
IF IT'S NOT A PAGE THAT 
IS REQUIRED
FOR FUNCTIONALITY 
OF YOUR WEBSITE.
SO IF IT'S A FORM 
THAT YOU ASK EVERY STUDENT
TO SUBMIT AT A CERTAIN DAY EVERY 
YEAR, THEN YOU NEED
TO MAKE SURE THAT THAT FORM 
IS EITHER OFFERED
IN ALTERNATE FORMAT OR THE PDF 
IS CREATED IN SUCH A WAY
THAT IT'S ACCESSIBLE,
OKAY.
ALL RIGHT,
IN MOST CASES,
I THINK MOST WEBSITES ARE GONNA 
USE A MIX OF THESE STRATEGIES
WHEN THEY HAVE PDF.
THEY'RE GONNA HAVE SOME PDFs 
THAT WERE DESIGNED
AND ARE KNOWN TO BE ACCESSIBLE 
TO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
THEY'RE ALSO GONNA 
HAVE SOME PDFs THAT
THEY CAN'T 
MAKE ACCESSIBLE,
DON'T WANT TO, DON'T HAVE 
THE TIME OR MONEY TO,
SO THEY JUST OFFER 
AN ALTERNATE VERSION,
ALSO AVAILABLE 
IN HTML, OKAY.
AND THEN FINALLY THEY'RE GONNA 
HAVE SOME PDFs
THEY KNOW ARE ABSOLUTELY 
INACCESSIBLE
BUT THEY DON'T THINK MANY PEOPLE 
ARE GONNA USE
AND SO THEN THEY'VE 
OPTED TO SAY,
"WE'RE GONNA MAKE AN ALTERNATE 
FORMAT ONLY BY REQUEST."
OKAY, SO IN THOSE CASES YOU'RE 
GONNA HAVE A MIX
OF MWAS 13, 18, AND 19, AND 
WE'RE GONNA GET TO 18 AND 19
BUT ALL OF THOSE COME TOGETHER 
WHEN YOU'RE USING A PLUG-IN.
ALL RIGHT.
I DON'T KNOW WHERE I SEEM 
TO HAVE LOST MY--THERE WE GO.
FORMS.
FORMS SIMPLY SAY IN THE WAY 
THAT WE'VE STATED IT
AND I BELIEVE THIS IS THE SAME 
WAY SECTION 508 STATES IT,
IT SAYS "IF YOU'RE GONNA USE 
FORMS, THEN YOU HAVE
"TO MAKE SURE THAT FORMS 
ARE ACCESSIBLE TO USERS
OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY."
THAT'S IT.
HOWEVER YOU DO THEM, THEY HAVE 
TO BE CREATED ACCESSIBLY, SO
AGAIN, IT'S KIND OF UP TO YOU 
BECAUSE WE KNOW
THAT THERE ARE A HUNDRED 
DIFFERENT WAYS TO MAKE FORMS,
MAYBE A THOUSAND DIFFERENT WAYS, 
OKAY, SO WE CAN'T SPECIFY
HOW YOU SHOULD
CREATE YOUR FORM.
WE'RE ONLY SPECIFYING 
THE END RESULT.
THE END RESULT SAYS 
IT'S GOTTA BE ACCESSIBLE
TO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
AS A GUIDELINE, AS A GUIDELINE, 
THESE ARE SOME WAYS
THAT WE KNOW THAT HELPS MAKE 
HTML FORMS AVAILABLE
TO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY 
AND NUMBER ONE
IS TO EXPLICITLY ASSOCIATE A 
LABEL FOR EACH FORM ELEMENT.
AND THAT MEANS IN THE FORM IN 
FRONT OF THE FORM ELEMENT
OR SOMEWHERE NEAR IT, 
YOU'RE GONNA SAY,
"LABEL FOR THIS 
FORM ELEMENT,"
AND YOU'RE GONNA GIVE IT A 
LABEL; FIRST NAME, PHONE NUMBER,
SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER, CITY, 
STATE, WHATEVER THE LABEL
IS THAT SAYS WHAT CONTENT SHOULD 
GO INTO THAT FORM BOX, OKAY.
AND THEN IN THAT FORM BOX, 
IN THAT TEXTBOX, FOR INSTANCE,
THAT HAS THE PERSON'S FIRST 
NAME, YOU'RE GONNA SAY,
"ID IS EQUAL TO THE FOUR 
THAT'S IN THE LABEL," OKAY.
SO YOU'RE GONNA SAY, 
"THIS LABEL GOES WITH THIS BOX.
THIS LABEL GOES WITH THIS BOX," 
SO ON AND SO FORTH.
AND WHAT THAT ENSURES 
IS AS I'M READING THOSE BOXES
WITH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY, 
WHEN I ENTER THAT BOX
AND I ENTER FORMS MODE 
IN A SCREEN READER,
THE SCREEN READERS STOPS READING
ALL THE EXTERNAL TEXT
AND ONLY READS THE STUFF 
THAT'S ACTUALLY IDENTIFIED
AS PART OF THE FORM, SO IT ONLY 
READS THE BOXES AND THE LABELS.
IT DOESN'T READ ALL YOUR NICE 
INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE CIRCLED
AROUND ALL THAT INFORMATION, 
OKAY.
SO AS YOU TAB THROUGH THOSE 
BOXES, IT'S GONNA SAY,
"EDIT FIRST NAME, EDIT LAST 
NAME, EDIT ADDRESS," SO ON.
IF YOU DON'T HAVE THOSE LABELS 
EXPLICITLY ASSOCIATED,
IT'LL DO ITS BEST TO GUESS, 
BUT OFTEN TIMES, HOW FORMS
ARE SET UP, IT'S NOT A GOOD 
GUESS, AND IF IT CAN'T DO THAT,
IT'LL JUST SAY, "EDIT BLANK,  
EDIT BLANK, EDIT BLANK,
EDIT BLANK," OKAY.
SO THEN AS A USER 
OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY,
I HAVE TO GUESS 
WHICH INFORMATION GOES
IN WHICH BOX 
AND CONSIDER, TOO,
THAT MOST ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY 
USERS AREN'T GONNA
FILL OUT A FORM 
IN THE SAME LINEAR FASHION
THAT OTHER USERS WOULD 
BECAUSE YOU END UP
JUMPING AROUND THE PAGE 
TO FIGURE OUT
WHAT THE FORM IS GONNA ASK ME-- 
OF ME FIRST.
DO I HAVE ALL THAT INFORMATION 
AND THEN GOING
BACK THROUGH THE FORM 
AND FILLING IT OUT, OKAY,
SO EXPLICITLY 
ASSOCIATING LABELS.
>> EXCUSE ME.
>> YES?
>> IS THERE A WAY TO ADD--
SINCE THEY'RE NOT
SEEING ANY ADDITIONAL 
INSTRUCTIONS
THAT MAY BE INCLUDED 
WITH THAT FORM, IS THERE A WAY
TO ADD THAT WITHIN THE LABEL 
AS WELL?
LIKE, YOU KNOW,
YOU COULD SAY,
"EDIT SOMETHING 
SOMETHING NUMBER"
AND THEN NORMALLY IN THE TEXT, 
YOU KNOW, RIGHT NEXT TO THE FORM
YOU WOULD SAY, "WELL, YOU'RE 
SOMETHING SOMETHING NUMBER IS 
THIS,"
BUT IF THEY'RE NOT SEEING THAT 
IN ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION,
IS THERE A WAY 
TO INCLUDE THAT THERE?
>> YEAH, THE QUESTION WAS ASKED, 
IS THERE A WAY TO INCLUDE
THOSE ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS 
THAT USUALLY CIRCLE AROUND
OR ARE NEARBY 
THOSE FORM ELEMENTS
BUT AREN'T ACTUALLY ASSOCIATED 
WITH THOSE FORM ELEMENTS?
THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS 
TO DO THAT.
ONE IS TO CREATE A LABEL FOR 
THAT INSTRUCTION INFORMATION
SO THAT IT READS THE LABEL OFF 
ALONG WITH THE LABEL
FOR THE BOX.
ONE WAY THAT WE DO IT OFTEN 
TIMES IS WE ENCOMPASS THE LABEL
IN A MUCH LARGER SENSE SO IF 
IT'S A LABEL FOR FIRST NAME
AND THAT CAN ONLY START 
WITH A CAPITAL LETTER,
THEN WE WOULD SAY, 
"LABEL FIRST NAME,"
PUT THE EDIT BOX NEXT TO IT, 
THEN SAY,
"MUST BEGIN 
WITH A CAPITAL LETTER,"
AND THEN PUT THE END 
OF THE LABEL MARK RIGHT THERE
SO THAT IT'S ALL INCORPORATED 
INTO THAT LABEL FOR THAT BOX.
SOME PEOPLE HAVE PUT 
INSTRUCTIONS AT THE VERY TOP
OF THE FORM AND MADE THEM 
INVISIBLE TO OTHERS
OTHER THAN THE 
SCREEN READERS.
YOU CAN PUT CONTENT OFF 
TO THE LEFT OF THE SCREEN
OR OFF TO THE TOP OF THE SCREEN 
USING STYLE SHEETS
AND POSITIONING, 
AND THAT'S AN EXCELLENT WAY
OF INCLUDING 
ADDITIONAL TEXT.
>> YEAH, WELL, I CAN UNDERSTAND,
I MEAN, INCLUDING IT
OFF TO THE SIDE,
BUT IF THE SCREEN READER
STARTS IGNORING 
ALL THE OTHER INFORMATION--
>> YEAH.
>> --BUT THE FORM--
>> WELL, THE REASON WHY 
THE OFF LEFT AND THE OFF TOP
WORKS WELL IS YOU CAN PUT IT 
OFF LEFT BEFORE THE BEGINNING
OF THE FORM AND THEN HAVE 
THE PERSON START THE FORM
AND THEY'VE HAD ALL THE 
INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
AND OFF TOP WORKS THE SAME WAY, 
BUT ALSO
THAT'S WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS 
CONSIDER
THAT ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY USERS 
AREN'T GONNA FILL IT OUT
ON LINEAR FORMAT.
BECAUSE IT GOES INTO FORMS MODE, 
TYPICALLY
WHEN I'M USING ASSISTIVE 
TECHNOLOGY TO FILL OUT A FORM,
I LET IT READ ME 
THE WHOLE FORM FIRST.
THAT INCLUDES ALL 
THE INSTRUCTIONS OUTSIDE.
I DON'T GO INTO FORMS MODE 
UNTIL I'M ACTUALLY READY
TO FILL OUT BOXES, AND THEN 
GENERALLY, I GO UP A FORM
BECAUSE I LET IT READ ME 
ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE BOTTOM.
THEN I START IN FORMS MODE 
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE
AND GO UP THE SCREEN LIKE THAT, 
OKAY.
I ALREADY TALKED ABOUT NOT 
CAUSING THE FORM TO RELOAD
AND THE ISSUES WITH THAT 
AND THEN I HAVE SOME TIPS.
IN ADDITION TO ADDING LABELS, 
I WOULD ALSO SUGGEST
ADDING ACCESS KEYS IN THE SAME 
WAY THAT WE HAVE ACCESS KEYS
TO VARIOUS LINKS, ESPECIALLY 
BUTTONS AND RADIO BUTTONS.
RADIO BUTTONS ARE THE ONE PART 
OF AN HTML FORM
THAT ARE THE LEAST LIKELY 
TO BE USABLE ACROSS PLATFORMS.
I KNOW THAT I HAVE TRIED 
MY DARNEDEST
TO MAKE ACCESSIBLE RADIO BUTTONS 
AND STILL THOSE USING MOZILLA
AND OPERA CANNOT ACCESS THEM, 
AND I DON'T KNOW WHY.
I'VE DONE ALL THE THINGS 
I KNOW TO DO
BUT THEY ARE VERY PROBLEMATIC, 
SO IF YOU ADD ALT KEYS
TO THOSE TO ALLOW THE USER 
TO JUMP RIGHT
INTO THAT RADIO BUTTON, 
THAT'S ONE HELP
BECAUSE IT PUTS THE FOCUS 
OF THE CURSOR ON THAT BUTTON
AND ONE OF THE PROBLEMS 
WITH RADIO BUTTONS
IS GETTING THAT FOCUS,
OKAY.
ALTERNATELY, 
IS CREATING A TAB ORDER
THAT ADDS A TAB INDEX ATTRIBUTE 
TO EVERY ELEMENT
OF YOUR FORM, WHICH THEN ENSURES 
THAT IF I'M USING THE TAB
TO GET THROUGH MY FORM ELEMENTS, 
IT WILL HIT EVERY SINGLE ELEMENT
AGAIN ON MY FORM,
OKAY.
SO IT SORT OF RE-ENSURES 
THAT I CAN GET THERE
USING THE KEYBOARD.
THOSE ARE JUST SOME TIPS 
THAT I KNOW
TO HELP MAKE THOSE FORMS 
ACCESSIBLE.
NUMBER 15; 
THIS IS THE ONE
THAT MOST PROBABLY 
YOUR SITES DON'T HAVE.
IT'S NOT USED VERY FREQUENTLY 
ON CAMPUS,
AND THAT IS 
THE SKIP NAVIGATION LINK.
IT'S ALSO THE SIMPLEST THING 
THAT YOU CAN ADD TO YOUR SITE
IN TERMS OF 
ACCESSIBILITY.
IT'S VERY EASY TO DO, 
AND WHAT IT ESSENTIALLY MEANS
IS IF YOU'RE LOOKING AT THIS 
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY PAGE
THAT HAS A LOT OF LINKS 
AT THE VERY TOP OF THE PAGE.
IT HAS, I BELIEVE THERE ARE OVER 
10 LINKS AT THE TOP OF THE PAGE
BEFORE IT GETS TO THE FIRST 
CONTENT LINE WHICH SAYS,
"WHAT'S NEW."
IF I'M USING A SCREEN READER 
TO READ THIS PAGE,
THE SCREEN READER'S GONNA READ 
TOP DOWN, LEFT TO RIGHT,
SO WHAT'S GONNA HAPPEN 
IS EVERY TIME I COME TO THIS
WHAT'S NEW PAGE--
I WAS THERE YESTERDAY,
I WANT TO SEE 
WHAT'S NEW TODAY,
I WANNA COME BACK AGAIN TOMORROW 
TO SEE WHAT'S NEW,
IT'S GONNA READ ME OFF ALL THAT 
HEADER INFORMATION AND, IN FACT,
IT'S GONNA START BY READING ME 
THE GRAPHIC OF THE OSU SYMBOL
THAT APPEARS 
ON THE TOP LEFT.
THEN IT'S GONNA READ ME 
THE GRAPHIC ICON
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
MICROBIOLOGY, THEIR LOGO.
THEN IT'S GONNA READ ME 
ABOUT US; LINK WHAT'S NEW;
LINK FACULTY BOX; LINK 
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS;
LINK GRADUATE PROGRAMS; 
LINK DIRECTORY;
LINK APPLICATION AND ADMISSIONS; 
LINK HOME PAGE; LINK CONTACT US;
LINK RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES; 
LINK FACILITIES AND RESOURCES;
LINK COURSES, SEMINARS, 
AND SCHEDULES;
LINKS AN INFORMATION LINK; 
LINK COLUMBUS AREA INFORMATION;
AND FINALLY, 
WHAT'S NEW, OKAY.
SO WHAT I WANNA DO INSTEAD 
IS I WANNA OFFER THEM
AN IN-PAGE LINK, A BOOKMARK, 
OR AN ANCHOR
AT THE TOP OF THAT PAGE AS CLOSE 
TO THE BODY AS POSSIBLE.
IT CAN BE VISIBLE OR INVISIBLE 
AND YOU CAN STYLE IT
WITH STYLE SHEETS SO THAT NO ONE 
ELSE CAN SEE IT.
AND IT ESSENTIALLY SAYS, "SKIP 
ALL THIS NAVIGATION AT THE TOP
AND GO RIGHT TO 
THE CONTENT,"
AND THEN THE ANCHOR IS PLACED 
RIGHT AT THE FIRST LETTER
OF CONTENT THAT APPEARS 
ON THE PAGE.
SO I GET TO THAT PAGE,
I HIT ENTER TO ENGAGE 
THAT SKIP NAVIGATION LINK.
IT DROPS ME RIGHT DOWN AND 
STARTS READING OFF WHAT'S NEW.
OKAY, I DON'T HAVE TO HEAR 
ALL THOSE LINKS BEING READ
EVERY TIME I RETURN TO THAT PAGE 
OR ESPECIALLY
AS I'M MOVING THROUGH YOUR SITE 
AND EVERY PAGE IN YOUR SITE
HAS THAT SAME REPEATED 
INFORMATION AT THE TOP
AND IT READS IT OVER AND OVER 
AND OVER AGAIN
EVERY TIME I WALK INTO A PAGE 
THAT YOU HAVE, OKAY.
SO YOU WANNA PUT IT AS CLOSE TO 
THE BODY TAG AS POSSIBLE.
THE TYPICAL OR THE STANDARD TEXT 
FOR THAT IS THE LINK TEXT SAYS,
"SKIP NAVIGATION" 
OR "SKIP NAV," OKAY.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO.
SOME PEOPLE SAY, 
"JUMP TO CONTENT,
JUMP OVER NAVIGATION," 
WHATEVER, BUT JUST KNOW
THAT USERS OF ASSISTIVE 
TECHNOLOGY ARE USED TO
WHAT IT MEANS TO HEAR SKIP 
NAVIGATION OR SKIP NAV.
YES?
>> THE MINUTE THAT THEY HIT THAT 
THEY BASICALLY
SKIP THOSE 10 LINKS AND DROP 
DIRECTLY TO THE BOOKMARK--
>> THAT'S--
>> --WHICH IS THE LAST THING 
THAT WAS UP.
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
SO THAT WHEN THEY HIT ENTER 
AND ENGAGE THAT LINK,
IT DROPS THEM TO THE FIRST 
LETTER OF CONTENT
AND THE SCREENER STARTS READING 
FROM THAT POINT ON.
>> DOES THAT ALSO FUNCTION 
WITH IF YOU HAVE EITHER CSS
OR LAYOUT TABLE 
WITH LEFT-HAND NAVIGATION?
WILL IT IGNORE ALL THAT ALSO?
>> YEAH, THE IDEA OF THE SKIP 
NAVIGATION IS TO SKIP
ANY REPEATED NAVIGATION THAT 
APPEARS BEFORE THE CONTENT,
SO IF IT'S ON THE LEFT-HAND 
SIDE, IF IT'S ON THE TOP
OF A PAGE, THEN, YES, YOU WANNA 
USE A SKIP NAVIGATION
TO GET YOU TO 
THE CONTENT.
IN FACT, ON MY PERSONAL SITE, 
MY NAVIGATION
IS ON THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE 
SO I HAVE A SKIP TO NAVIGATION
SO THAT YOU DON'T HAVE TO READ 
THE WHOLE CONTENT OF THE PAGE
IN ORDER TO GET TO MY NAVIGATION 
IF YOU WANNA MOVE AROUND
IN THE SITE.
SO IT CAN WORK A NUMBER 
OF DIFFERENT WAYS
BUT MOST IMPORTANT 
IS WE WANT PEOPLE TO BE ABLE
TO READ THE MOST CHANGING 
AND NEW STUFF
AS QUICKLY 
AS POSSIBLE.
ALL RIGHT, NUMBER 16,
TIMED RESPONSE.
IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING THAT 
REQUIRES A TIMED RESPONSE,
YOU NEED TO GIVE 
THE OPTION OF MORE TIME
AND THE MOST COMMON ERROR OF 
THIS IS THE AUTOMATIC REFRESH.
PEOPLE PUT THE AUTOMATIC REFRESH 
THAT FORWARDS YOU.
OUR LINK HAS CHANGED.
OUR NEW HOME PAGE IS HERE.
YOU WILL GO THERE AUTOMATICALLY 
IN ONE-HALF OF A MILLISECOND
AND YOU'RE LUCKY IF YOU EVER GET 
TO READ THAT PAGE, RIGHT.
OR IT'S GONNA TAKE YOU THERE IN, 
YOU KNOW, 20 SECONDS.
YOU ARE VIOLATING THE STANDARD 
IF YOU HAVE
THAT AUTOMATIC REFRESH, UNLESS 
ON THAT PAGE, YOU SAY,
"GIVE ME MORE TIME," 
AND THEY CAN SAY, YOU KNOW,
WAIT ANOTHER 20 SECONDS, 
WAIT ANOTHER 10 SECONDS.
I HAVEN'T READ ALL THIS 
INFORMATION YET, OKAY,
SO YOU JUST WANNA GIVE THE OFFER 
OF MORE TIME AVAILABLE
OR ALTERNATELY JUST 
USE A STATIC PAGE THAT SAYS,
"OUR PAGE IS LINKED 
OR OUR PAGE HAS MOVED.
CLICK ON THIS NEW LINK TO GET 
TO OUR NEW LOCATION," OKAY.
I APPRECIATE THOSE MYSELF 
BECAUSE I LIKE
TO KNOW WHEN THINGS 
ARE GONNA CHANGE ON ME.
ONE CAUTION FOR THOSE WHO HAVE 
FORMS OR PROCESSES GOING ON,
I NOTICED THIS WHEN I WENT TO 
TICKETMASTER THE OTHER DAY;
AS I GOT TO THE END 
OF MY TRANSACTION,
IT SAYS, 
"YOU NOW HAVE THREE MINUTES
TO COMPLETE THIS TRANSACTION OR 
YOUR SEATS WILL BE GIVEN UP,"
AND I HAVE TO TELL YOU 
I'M A VERY FAST TYPER,
BUT SUDDENLY, 
I WAS MAKING SO MANY MISTAKES
JUST BECAUSE I KNEW THAT I HAD 
THIS LIMITED AMOUNT OF TIME.
IT PUT A LOT OF PRESSURE ON ME 
AND I THOUGHT,
"HOW LONG IS 
THREE MINUTES?
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE ME 
TO FILL OUT AN ORDER FORM?"
SO IN REALITY, IF YOU HAVE 
ANYTHING LIKE THAT,
MOST OF THE TIME IT'S, 
YOU KNOW, IF YOU HAVEN'T--
YOUR SERVER WILL TIME OUT 
AFTER 30 MINUTES.
IF YOU HAVEN'T MADE ANY CHANGES 
OR YOU HAVEN'T SUBMITTED THIS 
PAGE,
THE SERVER TIMES OUT 
AND ESSENTIALLY
THEY GET A BLANK PAGE.
IF THAT'S HAPPENING, 
YOU WANNA GIVE THEM A WAY
TO ASK FOR MORE TIME.
YOU WANNA INDICATE, 
"YOU KNOW WHAT?
OUR SERVER TIMES OUT 
IN 30 MINUTES."
IF YOU HAVEN'T COMPLETED 
THIS FORM BY THEN,
YOU NEED TO ASK 
FOR MORE TIME, OKAY.
ALL RIGHT, 17, 
POP-UP WINDOWS.
IF YOU USE POP-UP WINDOWS, 
IF YOU USE POP-UP WINDOWS,
YOU JUST NEED TO TELL PEOPLE 
WHEN IT'S GONNA HAPPEN.
AND THE REASON IS THAT 
WITH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
WITH THE SCREEN READER, 
OFTEN TIMES IT WON'T TELL YOU
THAT A NEW WINDOW
HAS OPENED.
YOU HAVE TO MAKE THE SETTINGS 
CLEARER IN YOUR SET-UP
OF YOUR SCREEN READER SO, 
FOR INSTANCE,
THE ADA COORDINATOR'S SITE 
USED TO ALWAYS
OPEN OUR RESOURCES PAGE IN NEW 
WINDOWS, AND WHAT WOULD HAPPEN--
WHAT HAPPENED 
IS WE HAD A PROFESSOR
WHO WAS USING A SCREEN READER 
TELL US THAT
ALL OF OUR LINKS
WERE BROKEN.
NONE OF OUR LINKS
WORKED.
WELL THE REASON IS THAT 
WHEN HE CLICKED ON IT,
THE NEW WINDOW WOULD OPEN 
BEHIND HIS CURRENT WINDOW.
THE FOCUS WOULD REMAIN 
ON THE CURRENT WINDOW,
AND HE HAD NO IDEA THAT THAT 
LINK WAS OPENING BEHIND THERE,
OKAY, SCREEN READER 
NEVER INFORMED HIM OF THAT.
SO WE NEEDED TO FIND A BETTER 
WAY TO TELL HIM, YOU KNOW WHAT?
THIS IS GONNA OPEN
IN A NEW WINDOW.
YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO CHANGE 
THE FOCUS OF YOUR CURSOR
IN SOME WAY.
SO YOU CAN DO IT 
IN ANY NUMBER OF WAYS.
YOU CAN SAY, "NEW WINDOW" 
AFTER EACH LINK, NW, STAR,
WHATEVER YOU WANNA DO, BUT MAKE 
SURE THAT YOU'RE CONSISTENT
ACROSS YOUR SITE.
OUR TIP IS, AVOID NEW WINDOWS.
THEY'RE BASED PRIMARILY ON A 
BUSINESS MODEL WHICH SAYS,
"WE DON'T WANT YOU 
TO LEAVE OUR SITE
UNTIL YOU BOUGHT 
SOMETHING," RIGHT.
SO WE'RE GONNA OFFER YOU OTHER 
LINKS TO OTHER INFORMATION
BUT WE WANT YOU 
TO COME BACK HERE
AND THE WAY TO DO THAT IS TO 
MAKE SURE OUR SITE STAYS OPEN
BEHIND THERE 
ALL THE TIME.
WELL, AT THE OSU, 
IT'S NOT REALLY THAT CRITICAL
THAT YOU DON'T COME BACK 
TO THE WEB ACCESSIBILITY CENTER.
IF YOU GOT OTHER THINGS TO DO, 
YOU GOT OTHER THINGS TO DO
AND WE HOPE THAT YOU'LL KNOW HOW 
TO USE YOUR BACK BUTTON
IF YOU REALLY NEED TO.
BUT I HAVE BEEN APPROACHED 
BY SOME PEOPLE
WHO TOLD THAT LEGAL, 
OR FOR ISSUES OF COPYRIGHT,
THEY'RE OPENING NEW WINDOWS 
BECAUSE THEY WANNA MAKE CLEAR
THAT THE INFORMATION 
THAT THEY'RE LINKING TO
IS NOT CREATED BY OR OWNED BY 
OR ASSOCIATED WITH
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 
IN ANY WAY.
CERTAINLY, SOME SCIENCE SITES 
THAT SAY,
"OH, LOOK AT THIS INCREDIBLE, 
INTERESTING RESEARCH
BUT WE DIDN'T DO IT."
THEY WANNA MAKE CLEAR THAT 
THAT'S NOT ASSOCIATED WITH US
SO THEY OPEN THAT 
IN A NEW WINDOW.
THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS 
TO DO THAT.
ONE IS TO INDICATE 
THAT IT'S A NEW WINDOW.
I'VE ALSO SEEN FROM 
THE GOVERNMENT SITES
IF YOU GO TO SECTION 508 AND 
THEN TRY AND LEAVE THAT SITE,
IT'LL POP UP WITH A LITTLE BOX, 
A LITTLE INFORMATION BOX THAT 
SAYS, "YOU'RE LEAVING, BYE.
GO HAVE FUN, BUT THAT'S 
NOT OUR STUFF," OKAY.
SO THAT'S A WAY TO DO IT AS WELL 
IS TO SORT OF TAKE PEOPLE
THROUGH A THROUGH PAGE 
THAT THEN TAKES THEM
TO THE EXTERNAL SITE,
OKAY.
EIGHTEEN, 
WE'RE ALMOST THERE.
LINK TEXT.
YOU WANNA IDENTIFY WHERE A LINK 
GOES TO, OKAY,
WANNA IDENTIFY 
WHERE A LINK GOES TO.
THIS IS NOT A SUCCESSFUL LINK
TEXT.
CLICK HERE, CLICK HERE, 
CLICK HERE, CLICK HERE
AND THAT COULD BE A CLICK HERE 
OF THE FIRST PARAGRAPH,
A CLICK HERE 
IN THE THIRD PARAGRAPH,
A CLICK HERE IN THE FIFTH 
PARAGRAPH.
WHAT HAPPENS IS AS A USER 
OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY,
I POP UP A LITTLE POP-UP BOX 
THAT GIVES ME A LIST
OF ALL THE LINKS ON THAT PAGE 
AND I SCROLL THROUGH THAT LIST.
IF YOUR LINK TEXT SAYS, "HERE" 
OR "CLICK HERE,"
THAT'S ALL I GET, AND I DON'T 
KNOW HOW, WHAT LINK
GOES WHERE SO I WANT MORE 
DESCRIPTIVE LINK TEXT.
I WANT IT TO SAY, "THIS LINK 
GOES TO THE OSU HOME PAGE.
THIS LINK GOES TO COURSE 
DESCRIPTIONS,"
AND IF I HAVE MULTIPLE ITEMS 
THAT ARE REPEATED,
YOU CAN NUMBER THEM, ITEM ONE, 
ITEM TWO, ITEM THREE.
JUST GIVE THEM SOME INDICATION 
THAT THIS ONE IS DIFFERENT
FROM THE OTHER ONE.
AND FINALLY, IF ANY OF THE LINKS 
LEAD TO SOMETHING
THAT REQUIRES A PLUG-IN, 
I ALSO WANNA TELL PEOPLE THAT.
REMEMBER THE PDF.
WE WANNA TELL THEM THAT WE'RE 
OPENING A PDF DOCUMENT
WITH THAT LINK, SO IN THIS CASE 
IF YOU CLICK ON VIEW MY ARTICLE,
YOU'RE OPENING
MY PDF FILE.
IF YOU CLICK ON LISTEN TO MY 
RANT, YOU'RE OPENING MY MP3 FILE
AND I WANNA LET YOU KNOW THAT, 
OKAY.
ALL RIGHT, FINAL ONE, 
ALTERNATE VERSIONS.
SOME PEOPLE HAVE THE IDEA THAT, 
BOY, WE'RE JUST NOT GONNA DEAL
WITH ALL THIS ACCESSIBILITY 
ISSUES.
THIS IS TOO HARD.
IT'S GONNA COST TOO MUCH.
WE DON'T HAVE THE TIME.
WE'LL JUST MAKE A COMPLETELY 
TEXT-ONLY SITE
AND THAT'LL BE THE ANSWER 
TO ALL OF OUR PROBLEMS.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE STANDARDS 
SAY, "NO, CAN'T DO THAT."
THE ALTERNATE SITE SHOULD BE A 
LAST RESORT, OKAY.
THE STANDARD SAYS, "YOU CAN ONLY 
DO THIS IF YOU CANNOT
MAKE YOUR PAGES OTHERWISE 
ACCESSIBLE,"
AND THERE'S SEVERAL REASONS 
WHY THAT'S TRUE.
ONE OF THE ONES IS THAT 
TEXT-ONLY SITES TEND
TO FALL OUT OF DATE MUCH QUICKER
THAN ANYTHING ELSE
SO OFTEN TIMES YOU HAVE A VERY 
NICE ACCESSIBLE TEXT-ONLY SITE
BUT IT DOESN'T HAVE ANY GOOD 
INFORMATION IN IT.
BUT ALTERNATELY, IT'S JUST 
PROBLEMATIC TO TELL SOME PEOPLE
THAT YOU HAVE TO GO OVER TO THIS 
SITE AND THE REST OF YOU
CAN USE OUR NICE, PRETTY SITE, 
AND THERE ARE, IN MOST CASES,
WAYS TO MAKE THAT NICE,
PRETTY SITE
ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYBODY,
OKAY.
SO IF YOU'RE GONNA 
USE AN ALTERNATE SITE,
IT IS VIABLE TO SAY, 
"WELL, OUR PDF ARCHIVE
IS GONNA HAVE 
AN ALTERNATE SITE," OKAY.
NOT OUR WHOLE SITE, NOT OUR HOME 
PAGE, NOT ALL OUR MAIN SECTIONS,
BUT THAT ARCHIVE SECTION 
THAT'S SO FULL OF PDFs,
THOSE WE'RE GONNA OFFER 
IN TEXT-ONLY AS WELL.
THAT'S ACCEPTABLE, SO THINK 
OF IT AS SMALL SOLUTIONS
TO SMALL PROBLEMS.
YOU HAVE CERTAIN TEXTS, 
CERTAIN PAGES
THAT CAN'T BE 
MADE ACCESSIBLE.
THOSE PAGES CAN BE OFFERED AS 
TEXT-ONLY, BUT YOUR ENTIRE SITE
DOESN'T HAVE TO BE,
OKAY.
IF YOU ARE GONNA 
USE A TEXT-ONLY SITE,
THEN ONE OF THE REQUIREMENTS 
IS YOU HAVE TO HAVE A SYSTEM
IN PLACE THAT SAYS, 
"IF YOU UPDATE THE PRIMARY SITE,
THAT TEXT-ONLY SITE HAS TO BE 
UPDATED AS WELL."
IN MOST CASES, 
THIS IS INTERPRETED
AS A LINKED DATABASE, OKAY, SO I 
UPDATE THE CONTENT IN ONE PLACE.
IT APPEARS 
IN BOTH PLACES UPDATED.
I UPDATE IT ONE TIME.
IT UPDATES BOTH SITES 
SIMULTANEOUSLY,
BUT YOU CAN SPECIFY A SYSTEM 
THAT SAYS,
"HERE'S HOW WE'RE GONNA MAKE 
SURE THAT THIS HAPPENS,"
BUT YOU JUST CAN'T SAY, 
"WELL, WE'LL UPDATE IT
WHEN WE HAVE TIME, 
WHEN OUR WEB DESIGNERS CAN.
THEY GET TO THAT 
AT THE END OF THE WEEK,"
WHATEVER, OKAY.
YOU NEED TO HAVE IT HAPPENING 
AS CLOSE
TO THE EXACT SAME MOMENT AS 
POSSIBLE.
OKAY, SO WE HAVE 
THE WAC ONLINE GUIDE.
IF YOU HAVE 
ANY MORE QUESTIONS
THAT I CAN'T ANSWER TODAY 
OR YOU WANT SOME REMINDERS
ABOUT THIS, IT'S OUR 
WEBSITE/STANDARDS
AND IT GOES THROUGH ALL THESE 
STANDARDS IN DETAIL, OKAY.
MORE RESOURCES FOR YOU, THOSE 
ARE ALSO IN YOUR HANDOUTS TODAY.
CAN I ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS 
ABOUT THE STANDARDS?
FAST AND FURIOUS 
WE WERE THROUGH THERE.
YEAH?

CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY 
RAPIDTEXT, INC. 
BURBANK, CA 
WWW.RAPIDTEXT.COM